three tips- trzy rady several volcanoes currently active- liczne, aktualnie czynne wulkany
The National Business Aviation Association (NBAA) recently posted three tips for pilots flying in areas with active volcanoes, especially timely now with several volcanoes currently active, including Kilauea in Hawaii and Fuego in Guatemala.
AVOID VOLCANIC ASH
ensure a wide clearance from … – zapwnić/ zachować znaczną odległość od … contaminate- zanieczyścić
The first rule when flying in an area of volcanic ash: don’t do it. Plan your route of flight to ensure a wide clearance from volcanic ash clouds. Abrasive volcanic ash can cause substantial damage to engines, pneumatic and hydraulic systems, as well as windscreens, contaminate oxygen systems, and block pitot/static systems.
STAY INFORMED
receive current information- otrzymywać/ odbierać aktualne informacje provide details regarding … – informować szczegółowo o …
Several resources are available for pilots to receive current information about volcanic ash activity. The nineVolcanic Ash Advisory Centres (VAAC), SIGMETs and NOTAMs provide details regarding volcanic ash clouds and related information.
BE PREPARED
refresh knowledge on/ of … – powtórzyć/ odświeżyć wiedzę na temat … encounter- napotkać/ spotkać be prepared to respond appropriately- bądź przygotowany i zareaguj odpowiednio extend for hundreds of miles- ciągnąć się/ rozciągać się na setki mil
If you’re planning to fly near areas of volcanic activity, refresh your knowledge of operations in volcanic ash before you go, and develop and document operating procedures. For example, if encounter volcanic ash, be prepared to respond appropriately by reducing thrust to idle (altitude permitting) and reversing course out of the ash cloud. Do not attempt to fly through or climb out of the ash cloud, as ash clouds can extend for hundreds of miles.
impact- mieć wpływ/ dotyczyć (BARDZO PRZYDATNE SŁOWO/ UŻYWANE W KONTEKSTACH DYNAMICZNYCH, NAJCZĘŚCIEJ NEGATYWNYCH + ZNACZENIA DODATKOWE, NP. UDERZENIE/ ZDERZENIE/ STARCIE) deposits- pozostałości/ złogi degraded breaking action-obniżona skuteczność hamowania
Pilots may stay clear of volcanic ash during flight, but then find ash has impacted their destination or departure airport. When landing at an airport with volcanic ash deposits on the runway, breaking action might be degraded. Pilots taking off from airports with volcanic ash deposits on the runway should wait for ash to settle before departing and might find it appropriate to delay flap extension.
